Chord Theory


  • Single notes played in succession are melodies (tunes), notes played together are chords.
  • Any two notes played together will sound a chord, but usually it takes three or more to make a 'real' chord
  • If the notes of a chord are played in succession rather than together, it is an arpeggio

You've got to learn about scales to appreciate chords, but its well worth it. Every scale has a set of 8 notes from the root note to the octave. You play these notes for scale practice don't you? (don't you?) e.g. Scale of (or Key of) G is:


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

G

A

B

C

D

E

F#

G


Chords start with the lowest note, called the root. So a G something chord starts with a G note and adds some higher notes. Two notes of a scale together is called an interval, the name of the interval being derived from how far apart the two notes are.


1st note (root)

2nd note

interval

comment

1

1

unison

two notes sound the same like the twin strings on a mandolin course

1

2

2nd

 

1

3

3rd

a very important interval! It determines whether chords are major or minor

1

4

4th

 

1

5

5th

An interval that's usually present in any chord

1

6

6th

A pleasant sounding interval

1

7

7th

This one is straining to go up one to become octave

1

8

octave

two notes sound the same but an octave apart


These so called 'diad' chords sound OK but lack a bit of body. Some forms are very effective though, such as the 5th (see Power Chords) Proper chords use three or more notes.